Field report on Household survey
This Field report is on Amirpur Mouza at Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal, India, 2019.
PREFACE
A survey programme has been adopted by the department of geography. Memari collage prepared a field report on a rural area with its valid landscape (both physical and cultural) as a part of fulfilment of B.A course(honours) in geography according to the university of Burdwan. For this amirpur mouza of Purba Burdwan, block I, Purba Burdwan district has been related after the specific field planning and extensive field work. The field report has been prepared in title, "FIELD REPORT ON AMIRPUR" In the field report on attempted has been made to study the physical as well as the social economic characteristics at the Amirpur mouza. Anumber of chapter describe the different aspect of the study area. A general introductory aspects of the study area, the frame work has been done in chapter 1, in chapter-2, the physical set up of the study area has been discussed in chapter-3 and the landscape infrastructural facilities has been analysed in Amirpur mouza at chapter-4, finally the problems of the study area has been identified and some recommendation has been suggested in the last chapter.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would take this opportunity to expressing my very sincere thanks to those who have been given me valuable existence in the preparation of the report. My dearest gratitude is due to our respected and beloved all teacher Mrs. Jayati Bhattacharya(head of the department) Mr. Pradip Kumar Paul, Mr. Prosenjit Saha, Mrs. Munmun Banerjee, and our lab assistance Mr. Bijoy Chandra and Mr. Kandan Murmu whose are deeply involvements in this field report. This project should not have been seen the light of the day. I could be remains not to express my sincere thanks to Gram Panchayet Pradhan of Amirpur mouza and others agricultural officer by officer, settlement officer and block development officer whose enthusiastic support encouragement and suggestion helped us to collection various information prepared this field report.
LIST OF MAPS AND DIAGRAMS
• LOCATION MAP OF THE STUDY AREA.
• LOCATION IN THE TROPOSHEET OF THE STUDY AREA.
• SATELLITE IMAGE OF STUDY AREA.
• BASE MAP OF STUDY AREA.
• ROUTE MAP OF STUDY AREA.
• GEOLOGY AND SOIL MAP OF STUDY AREA.
• CLIMOGRAPH OF STUDY AREA.
• POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF STUDY AREA.
• WORKING POPULATION OF STUDY AREA.
• AGE SEX PYRAMID OF STUDY AREA.
• CAST COMPOSITION OF STUDY AREA.
• EDUCATION STRUCTURE OF STUDY AREA. • LITERATES AND ILLITERATE VARIATION OF STUDY AREA.
• OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORY STUDY AREA.
• MONTHLY INCOME LABEL OF STUDY AREA.
• LAND OWNERSHIP OF STUDY AREA UTILIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND OF STUDY AREA.
• MASS COMMUNICATION OF STUDY AREA.
• BASIC AMENITIES OF STUDY AREA.
• STATUS OF PROVERTY LEVEL IN STUDY AREA.
• FUEL USE IN STUDY AREA.
• HOUSE CONDITION OF STUDY AREA.
• SATISFACTORY LEVEL FOR BASIC AMINITIES.
PHOTOGRAPHS
Burdwan II, Is community development block that froms and administrative division in Burdwan Sadar North division of Purba Burdwan dictrict, state of West Bengal in India. Amirpur village is situated at Baikanthapur Gram Panchayet under the burdwan-ll block, run by Damodar river the latitudinal and longitudinal extension of Amirpur is 23 11'9.11" to 23 12'29.08" and 87 55'13.8" to 88°55'48.65". It is located 11 km towards east from district headquarters of burdwan. From it is surrounded by burdwan block towards west, Raina-l block towards north, Memari-ll block towards east. Burdwan, Memari, Srirampur, Pandua are nearby cities arrounds this village. Shaktigarh is nearby railway station of this village. It is a part of burdwan plain, the central plain area of the district. Amirpur is surrounded by Damodar on tha west. Old river channels and small creeks found in the region in dry season. But sometimes subject to have food during the rainy season. The region has recent alluvial soil Baikhanthapur is the Panchayet samiti of Amirpur mouza. Agricultural is the primary occupation in the people of the study area.
OBJECTIVES
(THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY AREA FOLLOWERS)
i. To understand the elements of the physical environment of the study area with regained to physiography, soil, climate, drainage.
ii. To find out the nature of landuse pattern.
iii. To examine the natural location between physical environment and landuse in forms topography, climate soil and agriculture land.
iv. To find out the demography pattern of the study area with reference to sex ratio and sex structure. To analysis the occupational structure of the people of the study area.
vi. To estimate pattern of literacy among the people of the study area.
vii. To obtain an idea and to find out the problems as well as the suggest remedial measure for the purpose at assisting the people of the region.
SELECTION OF THE STUDY AREA
(THE STUDY AREA IS SELECTED PURPOSIVELY, PURPOSIVE SELECTION OF THE STUDY AREA IS DUE TO THE FACTS THAT ARE)
i. Bring located at the bank of Damodar river. It will represent a good relationship between physical and cultural features which is the aim in our field study i. The village can be reach by both rail and road way from our college which will gives us scope far any further study on data collection after the primary data collection.
ii. Mouza map and topography map is available to us which is require for the field study and population of maps. iv For the basic study of the social- economic condition of a rural village as a part of syllabus of Burdwan University, this village suitable for our field study.
GEOMORPHOLOGY
The Damodor inter-stream tract is made up the several streams consisting of vales and tows convex spur which run in all most all direction except North-South giving a very complicated character to local relief.
DEMOGRAPHY
As per 2011 census of India, the total population of Amirpur village is 506 and there was 91 house hold. The people of Amirpur exhibit typical characteristics. We surveyed 65 house hold as simple survey due to lack of time and all the numerical analysis has been done by these data collection. Here we surveyed 65 house hold have total population was 362. Total male population is 196(54 % ) and total female population is 166(46% ).
METODOLOGY
[THE FOLLOWING METODOLOGY HAVE BEEN ODOPTED FROM PRESENT SURVEY ]
• PRE- FIELD METHOD :- The pre- field method have been completed by data collection from various source and field chase, setting, preparation at rout map etc.
• FIELD METHOD :- This the period of processing of field survey doors to doors survey, plot to plot survey etc. That leave been Carried out in the Amirpur mouza it is therefore the time of generation and collection of primary data as well as the collection of data august of 2019 from the field.
• POST-FIELD METHOD :- This the period of processing and completing of data and at data collection during the pre-field and field season. Thus its final stage of preparation of field report.
LOCATION
Amirpur is a small village of Joteram in Purba Burdwan district in West Bengal. This village is surrounded by different villages. Among them Kndorsona village is situated at the North Eastern corner of Amirpur. Monikhati and Hijala village is situated South-Eastern and South Western corner of Amirpur vilage. Chitpur village is situated as the western part of Amirpur The study area village. Nandur village is situated at the north part of Amirpur village. Amirpur located under Burdwan-ll block of Purba Burdwan district the latitudinal and longitudinal extension of Amirpur mouza is 23°11'9.11" to 2312'29.08" and 87 55'13.8" to 88°55'48.63". Amirpur is surrounded by Burdwan-l block towards North- West and Raina- block towards South and Memari-land Memari-Il blocks towards East. It is located towards East from the district headquarters of Burdwan Shaktigarh is the near by railway station.
SOIL AND SOILPH
The soil of our study area is mainly alluvial. The sub soil is mainly clay. In such soil the ground a groups whose actual classification will depend on elaborate study. However, from agricultural point of views the soil are the most important and most fertile among the waste soil. The soil are different in nitrogen, phosphorus and humus but not generally in potus and lime. The produce a variety of crops including rice, wheat, potato, oil seed etc. According to our study area, Amirpur mouza have different types of soil ph. We collected some sample size in this mouza. The following types of ph are founded.
They are-
i. 6.0
ii. 6.5
iii. 7.0
First type of soil ph is shown at the western part of this mouza and the second type of soil ph is found over the moderate portion of the eastern part and the last one is found in the middle south and south part of the study area at Amirpur mouza.
PHYSIOGRAPHY
The general appearance of this area, Amirpur is a flat alluvial plain situated on the Damodar's alluvial plain on the South West Bengal. There is no rugged relief and the level of the surface rises up to 400 metre about the sea level the general slope is directed as in indicated by the water source with some location variation.
GEOLOGY
The enter area is cover with alluvial formation in the river beds. Sand is common while country intend is covered with silk and loam principal deposited are very in age from cretaceous period of the epoch, running between 135 and 1 million from now.
CLIMATE
(THE AMIRPUR MOUZA ENJOY MONSOON CLIMATE WITH ITS CHARACTERISTIC RHYTHM)
• TEMPERATURE :- The min minimum temperature which is on average below 18°Cc in December, rises gradually and reach 30°C in April there after here is a steady full unit the monsoon is established when the average day temperature remains steady at about 25'c up till October.
• RAINFALL:- Rainfall for the month is less than 1" between November February, and between 1" and 2" march and April after which there with is a rapid increases storms in May, the total average rainfall between May and November in 53"
•RELATIVE HUMIDITY :- Relative humidity is very high (75 % to 85 % ) in the rainy season at June to September. The annual average humidity is 66.54 %. In the winter season the relative humidity is very low (54 %-64 % ) at December to February.
SOIL TEXTURE
According to our study area, Amirpur Mouza has different types of soil texture. We collected some sample of soils in this study area. When we examined the soil samples then we get two types of soils. They are (1) Sand Clay. (2) Clay loam. The highest type of soil texture is shown of the southern part and near river area of this mouza and the least one is founded in the northern part of Amirpur Mouza.
VEGETATION
The natural vegetation of the area is very difficult to ascuration since, where the area is under plough. For a very congtime rurbanization,Agricultural ,sturing,production or destruction of trees etc have caused important change in the structure and composition of a part of communities of the area. Among the road side trees Mehogini,Mango,bambo,babla,coconuts etc are most common trees. Most of the trees of this mouza is located in the cannel side. Here we saw Palm,coconut,Eucalyptus trees,jackfruit tree etc.The vegetation land is very short in this village because most number of land is agriculture land .
POPULATION & POPULATION GROWTH
In the basis of given data we can know about the distribution of Burdwan Municipality. The people of Amirpur Mouza exhibit typical characteristics of West Bengal. There was total population 506 according to 2011 census of India. We surveyed 65 households as a simple survey due to lack of time and all the numerical analysis has been done by these data collected during field season. The surveyed 65 households have total population is 362. The total number of male population is 196 and female is 166.
AGE-SEX STRUCTURE
The age sex structure of the study area has been shown by a age sex pyramid,which shows that the middle portion of the pyramid is wide. There are so many about 61% at the total people are able to work and only 39 are dependent on younger people. Thus the area has a prospect to development by the utilizing it's human young resources. In this Mouza about 18% of the total population is in between 0-14 years age and about 23% and 26% and 20% of the total population between 15-30,31-45 and 46-60 years age groups. About 13% of total population in 60- years age groups.
CASTE COMPOSITION
From the study of Amirpur Mouza,we can know the general population is 55% ,S.C population is 6% and S.T population is 15% and O.B.C population is 24%.
From the caste composition we see that the numbers of General and O.B.C population is very high because Amirpur Mouza is based on agricultural and Employment.
RELIGION
In Amirpur Mouza we can see Hindu constitute the major section of village. There are 100% people are Hindu. It is a Hindu oriented village.
EDUCATIONAL STATUS IN AMIRPUR MOUZA
In Amirpur Mouza we have surveyed the education level under the following categories :-
1. PRIMARY LEVEL.
2. SECONDARY LEVEL.
3. HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL.
4. GRADUATION LEVEL.
5. MASTERS LEVEL.
6. OTHERS
Total literate people are 84% and illiterate 16% in our Study area. Among the literate 84% people are primary level and secondary level is 37% and 29% have passed the examination. The percentage of Graduations and Masters is 9% and 3%,while 1% passed the others examination or degree or diploma or professional sources.
Actually the education structure of this Mouza is medium due to proper opportunities. Because there are one primary school and a upper primary school in this Mouza and the H.S school is so far away from this Mouza.
ECONOMIC STATUS
According to field study and figures taken from panchayet office, it shows that 69% households are above poverty level and the rest are 31.66% of B.P.L category. Though there are large difference between income status. In this study area one side we saw richest people and the other side are very poor people.
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
At the time of household survey occupational structure have been broadly divided into two i.e workers and non workers. Workers clam also divided into five groups.
From the household survey it is clear that worker is greater in number than the non workers. Percentage of worker clam and non worker clam is 61% & 39% respectively.
Among the worker clam it is clean that agricultural in the main occupation of our study area. And agricultural is the prime source of income in Amirpur Mouza.
INCOME LEVEL
Income structure indicates the economic structure of the people. At the time of our door to door survey we have divided the income into three groups to clearly explain the income structure of the people of Amirpur Mouza.
There are :-
1. Income below Rs. 10000.
2. Income Rs. 10000-20000
3. Income Rs. Above 20000
Income level of maximum people is in below 10,000. It is about 60% of the total population in the study area. Above Rs. 20000 income group is very low only 9% people have it and 31% people have income between 10000-20000.
From the income structure,it is very clear most of people have medium income.
FAMILY SIZE
Family size is also very important in social- economics criteria. We divided the family size into three groups. The groups are :-
1. Family having members below 5
2. Family having members with 05 - 10
3. Family having members above 10.
Most of family 54% having members below 5 and 35% of total families having 5 - 10 people and 11% family having above 10 members.
LAND USE
Land use means the use of land . Land use is only short of permanent or cyclic human interference to satisfy his demands. A land usef map is a total picture of certain area under different uses. The study area is used by different magnitude. Interly and specialisation of a particular function. A land used map reveals many aspects of an area such a residential commercial transport agricultural etc.
AGRICULTURAL LAND
Agricultural land mainly situated at the northan and southern part in the study area. Most of the land engaged with paddy and potato and oil seeds cultivation. The percentage of land used are in respect to agricultural purpose in 40%.
WATER BODIES
Damodar river is founded in our study area. It is situated the southern part in our study area.In respect to our study area there are DVC cannel and some water bodies see in our study area. There are rotated slatternly . The percentage of river and water bodies are 16%.
RESIDENTIAL USE
The residential land used is founded at the north-eastern part of this Mouza. It is treated as a non agricultural land use. The percentage of residential land use in about 10% in this Mouza.
VEGETATION
Vegetation is also treated as non agricultural land. The vegetation is found at the both side of the road and DVC cannel. In the study area the percentage of vegetation is 12%.
FOLLOW LAND
Follow land means the land which is not user far any purpose. Follow land is founded scattering in our study area. The percentage of follow land is 22%.
TRANSPORT FACILITY
The transport system of Amirpur Mouza is not good. Although both railway and NH2 are not so far from Amirpur village. The main road of Amirpur Mouza is pitch and too badly condition. Except NH2 all blocks road is unmetaled but some some road is metaled. Saktigar is the nearest rail station in Amirpur Mouza. Eastern railway and NH2 also connected Burdwan town through this area. The southern part of this Mouza there are a ferry and boat transport network are also available by Damodar river. Over the Damodar river a hand made wooden bridge also connected Raina block. But it also available in summer and winter season when the water level is too low.
SANITARY SYSTEM
Overall sanitary condition is good. About 85% of the households loved there own sanitary facility. But about 15% of total households have not on sanitary facility.
Sanitary facility is the indication of the good health and hygiene. This is the overall scenario of the sanitary condition of Amirpur Mouza.
HOUSE CONDITIONS
Among the surveyed households 100% family have their own house. Here 78% is building and 22% is cottage.
The roof of the most families are made at concrete 58% and asbestos 15% and Thatch 13% and talies 9% and tin 5%.
There wall materials of the families are made of bricks 82% And mud 18%.
The floor of the houses made of concrete 76% and mud 24%.
Most of the houses between 2 and 4 rooms in 58% and above 4 rooms is 12% and below 2 rooms in 30% at Amirpur Mouza.
ELECTRICITY
The electric supply condition at Amirpur Mouza is very well. Here 100% households have electricity.
SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER
46% household of Amirpur Mouza have not their own surface water to drink. They ate dependent upon public tubwell for their requirement. But the most of 41% have their own tubwell and 13% have submartial,pumps that are their own source of drinking water.
FUEL USED PATTERN
This study area is an agricultural or primary activity based mouza. Here 80% households have used L.P.G and 14% households used wood and 6% used others pattern like coal and other domestic fuel.
MASS COMMUNICATION
The most dominating made of mass media. T.V occupies the number of 45% households at Amirpur mouza. 10% households are well communicated with daily newspaper. Almost 15% households receives all kind of media. But only 5% households are used L.E.D or LCD modern television. All households have their own mobile phone.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM IN STUDY AREA
Overall telecommunications system is not reach in our study area. The percentage of the only land phone out of the total households is 2%.
11% are both land line and mobile connection and rest of 80% used only mobile not land line. The percentage of others communication system is 7%.
Our study area also used the mobile phone . So it is very clear that the region I.e. Our study area is not far away from the touch of modernisation influence Some people only used mobile phone far their own interest for internet.
SOCIAL AND COMMUNITY FESTIVALS
Amirpur Mouza is traditional Hindu mouza. As a result there are all religious or community festivals take place in this village. There are many festivals like Durgapuja,kalipuja,monsapuja. But the most popular festival is Olaochandi Puja in this village.
PROBLEMS OF THE STUDY AREA
Micro level field study and analysis of data collection through questionnaire survey indicate that the village of Amirpur under the burdwan ii block facing some problems which are acting as constraint for the development. Through this village is connected to the neighboring villages are very poor as are poor as reveal the land use survey and the conditions of roads are very poor and not good maintained.
The village does not have any proper health facilities like primary health station. It depends on burdwan town or borsul for medical needs but the poor roads are giving them a headache during an emergency to get in ambulance.
Drinking water facilities is not sufficient for the amount of population in the village and swage system is also very poor.
The village is facing several flood during the the rainy season as situated on the bank of Damodar river. The flood is a economical constraint which they have to face in most of the rainy season.
PROSPECTS OF THE STUDY AREA
Having said the area has many problems in their roads,health,education and natural elements but the area has some advantages for the location which encourage to prosper. As it's situated on the flood plain of the Damodar river as a very fertile alluvial land with high productivity. One irrigation cannel is also passing through this village. Through the village has a poor road conditions but it well connected to the market area like Burdwan town. So, agricultural production is profitable here which will economically boost this village. As the village is not so far from the district head quarter (Burdwan), opportunity for work is better. The village may be prospering more with the good drinking water facility, health center and development of roads. Education is also important aspect of life which needs to be improving here by the uplift meant of the primary school into a secondary school at least.
SUGGESTION
Good sanitary system also required for all of the villagers necessary steps should be taken by the concerned authority for good drinking water Unmetaled roads and metal roads should repair to make it's accessible through out of this area. Spread of education especially the vocational education will be helpful for unemployment youths at this area. With the help of the Government education or others N.G.O, small 'self help' will regenerate employment to the uneducated or backward women. Many B.P.L are lived in this village. They connected with L.P.G from the help of the government of India to free B.P.L project like ,"Uijal Jojana" and the villagers are better idea to clean village with the help of the " Swacha Bharat Mission " by the Government of India.
REFERENCE
1. Das. N.G(2006) : Statistical method. 2. Mukherjee.S: West Bengal district gazetteers burdwan government of West Bengal 3.Rai.M.M (2002): Principal of soil science, 4th Ed. 4. Sarkar.A Practice Geography techniques and presentations, orient Blackswan Pvt.ltd. 5. Sarkar.A: Quantitative, Geography techniques and presentations of blackswan Pvt.ltd. 6. District census hand book: Census of India Bardhaman 2011 7. Bardhaman Samagra (volume-3): Dr.G.kanar. 8. Bardhaman Itihas Sahil Mondal. 9. Website: www.Google.com.
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